Survey Report on Middle Manager Development in Japanese Nonprofits

The social sector’s role in addressing societal challenges such as education for children and youth, economic support, healthcare and welfare promotion, and environmental protection, is becoming more diverse and essential each year. As a result, developing management personnel capable of driving social impact in collaboration with various sectors has become a critical issue.
However, a nationwide survey by the Cabinet Office revealed that approximately 70% of nonprofits identified securing and nurturing qualified human resources as a key challenge for ensuring consistent operations. To further explore this issue, we conducted a survey focused on the recruitment and training of middle managers within the nonprofit sector.
Our findings indicate that many organizations have long struggled with limited resources—both in terms of personnel and funding for human resource development—along with structural challenges unique to the nonprofit sector. Recognizing these pressing concerns, we examined the types of initiatives and mechanisms required to provide sustainable support and address these issues effectively. Beyond numerical data, our analysis incorporates the voices of respondents, offering valuable insights and practical recommendations for improvement.
We are committed to sharing the results of this survey widely and collaborating with stakeholders—including nonprofits, private enterprises, foundations, and government agencies—to translate these findings into concrete measures that strengthen the sector.

Survey Overview
Respondent: Nonprofit organizations, general incorporated associations, general incorporated foundations, and public interest corporations in Japan.
Survey period: November 13 -December 12, 2024
Number of valid responses: 144 organizations

The full survey report, Investing in People and Solving Social Problems: A Survey Report on Middle Manager Development in Nonprofits, in English is available here.
URL: https://file.etic.or.jp/eticreport202502_en.pdf

This survey was conducted by ETIC with financial support from the Apollo Opportunity Foundation (AOF).

On March 13th, we held an online seminar on the survey result where we invited Lee Hyungsik, Co-chairman, Japan Association of New Public and Mariko Miyazaki, President, Common Light LLC., who participated in a dialogue interview at the end of the report. About 60 people, including the executives and middle-managers of non-profit organizations who worked on the survey, attended the event.

One of the attendees asked if it would be good to have a common understanding of what “development” really means. In response, Ms. Miyazaki, who leads the curriculum design for our capacity-building program, shared the program’s important ideas.

“‘Development’ often gives the impression that capable people are teaching less capable ones. But why is developing people necessary? We NPOs create projects to create the world and society we want to see. These projects are made by people, not robots. So, people’s growth equals project growth, and project growth means getting closer to realizing our vision. That’s why we call helping people grow ‘development.’

I think it’s more about ‘growing together’ rather than just ‘developing someone.’ I often call it a ‘system change.’ Just giving middle-managers knowledge won’t make them grow; to change them, everyone around them needs to change, and the underlying system needs to change too.

We give program participants tasks like ‘Talk to your supervisor.’ The supervisor should feel some change of the manager, and by experiencing that change, they will realize they need to transform themselves too.’

For people to grow, the system around them needs to change. We will evolve the Program based on this belief and the raw voices from the survey results.
Online semiar on the survey results: (from the left) Kaori Noda, Mitsuhiko Yamazaki, Mariko Miyazaki, Lee Hyungsik
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